The response of marine assemblages to ocean acidification

PhD ThesisGlobal industrialisation has led to the anthropogenic raising of global CO2 concentration from 280 pp to over 380 ppm in the last 200 years causing oceanic pH to drop by 0.1 unit as a result of a processes called ocean acidification. It is expected to further drop by between 0.3 and 0.4 units over the next 100 years. Quantifying the impact of such a pH shift has, to date, largely relied on laboratory studies of model organisms or simple assemblages in mesocosms. Conversely, this work undertook a series of field experiments to examine the effect of predicted pH environmental conditions on a robust marina fouling assemblage and microorganisms through the manipulation of local CO2 concentration. CO2 was delivered and controlled above replicated settlement panels that were freely accessible to normal propagule supply. Over 5 months, recruitment and development of macroorganisms and diversity of microorganisms in biofilms was shown to be largely unaffected by low pH. Results of this investigation were contrasted against microbial diversity in biofilms from a low pH volcanic vent site. Molecular analysis of biofilms failed to detect an influence of pH on diversity. The development of an alternative method of CO2 delivery using silicone membranes is described, which proved to have both antifouling and ocean acidification experimental applications. In conclusion, the marine organisms examined in this study showed little response to pH change of the order that is expected with the progression of ocean acidification. Significant methodological advances to in situ pH experimentation have been made, however, which should assist further investigations

Shock attenuation during heel-strike, forefoot-strike, and spring-boot running

During running, the foot\u27s impact with the ground generates a shock wave that propagates up the body and is attenuated before reaching the head. This study investigated mechanisms of shock attenuation (SA) during heel-strike (HS), forefoot strike (FFS), and spring-boot (SB) running; Participants (n = 10) ran at 3.83 m·s-1 while head and leg impact acceleration, SA, and ankle and knee energy absorption were recorded and analyzed across the impact phase during HS, FFS, and SB conditions; Shock attenuation and leg acceleration were not different across conditions. Head acceleration (HS \u3e FFS = SB), ankle energy absorption (FFS \u3e HS \u3e SB) and knee energy absorption (SB \u3e FFS) were different for specific condition comparisons; Although SA magnitudes as analyzed were not different between conditions, the overall characteristics of the shock wave seemed to change. Nevertheless, different SA mechanisms were used between conditions as evident by changes in ankle and knee energy absorption

The Iowa State College Reasoning Test

In order to arrive at the point of this paper on the subject, The Iowa State College Reasoning Test it is necessary to describe briefly the other tests of which it is one in the series. The psychological test which has been given this year to the Freshman class of Iowa State College is a modified Alpha. The Alpha was chosen as a basis on which to construct a new form for the reason that it has given consistently higher correlations than it has been possible to secure with any other test. In the modified form, Arithmetic, the Synonym and Antonym, the Disarranged Sentence, the Number Series, the Analogies and the Information tests remain very much the same as they appeared in the original form. The easier exercises at the beginning of each of these tests have been advanced to the bottom of the preceding page to serve in the capacity of fore-exercises which gives the student a preliminary practice before beginning the test proper. (After the fashion of the National Intelligence Test.) More difficult exercises were added toward the close of each test with the purpose of making the series more difficult

The Effect of Size of Peg and Form Boards upon the Performance Scores of Young Children

Sylvester, in 1913, characterized the form board test as one that appeals to the child\u27s interest, affording him a short and fascinating task which calls for his best effort and helps to free him from the fear and self-consciousness which often interfere seriously in a mental examination. The inclusion of the form board test in certain well-known scales and its serving as the basis of a number of extensive studies bear testimony to the truth of Sylvester\u27s evaluation. Further study of the form-board may thus be justified on the basis that a still greater refinement in technique may be attainable

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [24th ed. 2005]

The 2005 release of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 24th edition of the print directory and the 5th year of the online version (www.wifoundations.org). The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was extracted from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, annual reports, and foundation Web sites. The 2005 edition documents the significant economic rebound and growth of Wisconsin foundations. The number of active grant making foundations has risen to an all-time high of 1213. As compared to last year’s numbers, total grants increased by 10% and total assets by 2%, the highest the totals have ever been.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1005/thumbnail.jp

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [23rd ed. 2004]

This 2004 edition of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 23rd release of the print directory and the 4th year of the online version. The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was extracted from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, annual reports, and foundation Web sites. Wisconsin foundations have shown small increases as compared to the 2003 edition. The number of active foundations has grown to an all-time high of 1184. Both total assets and grants for the state’s foundations increased from 2003, albeit not to the heights documented in the 2002 edition. Total assets grew by 1.53% and total grants by .23%. The following table details the financial pattern over the 10 years.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1007/thumbnail.jp

Foundations in Wisconsin: A Directory [25th ed. 2006]

The 2006 production of Foundations in Wisconsin marks the 25th edition of the print directory and the 6th year of the online version (www.wifoundations.org). The directory is designed as a research tool for grantseekers interested in locating information on private, corporate, and community foundations registered in Wisconsin. Each entry in this new edition has been updated or reviewed to provide the most current information available. Most of the data was drawn from IRS 990-PF tax returns filed by the foundations. However, additional information was obtained from surveys, foundation Web sites, annual reports, and newsletters. Wisconsin foundations have shown continued growth in several key areas. The number of active grantmaking foundations has risen to 1227, with 77 new foundations identified since last year’s publication. Total grants increased by 15% to a total of $452 million, while assets increased by 6$5.5 billion.https://epublications.marquette.edu/lib_fiw/1004/thumbnail.jp